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guide:implementation:facilitation [2018/10/31 18:21]
Cecilia [Help people speak their voice during evaluation moments]
guide:implementation:facilitation [2019/04/01 19:19] (current)
Marina [Ατομικές συνεντεύξεις ως εργαλείο για να συντροφέψετε ανθρώπους έξω από τη ζώνη άνεσης τους]
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 The team of facilitators has to agree on the roles, on the terms of conflict resolution, on their decision making method, on their approach regarding the group of participants etc. An **initial agreement in-between the  team of facilitators** makes the implementation of the program smooth and saves time when dealing with problems or making decisions. The team of facilitators has to agree on the roles, on the terms of conflict resolution, on their decision making method, on their approach regarding the group of participants etc. An **initial agreement in-between the  team of facilitators** makes the implementation of the program smooth and saves time when dealing with problems or making decisions.
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 It will be up to you to decide how you build your team. It will be up to you to decide how you build your team.
 For example, in one former Heterotopia Tour with young people, the facilitation team was composed of the Youth Leaders (accompanying persons of each national groups), of the Coordination Team (staff of the hosting organization) and of External Experts for specific sessions of the Tour. All those people had to decide how to get organized as a team.  For example, in one former Heterotopia Tour with young people, the facilitation team was composed of the Youth Leaders (accompanying persons of each national groups), of the Coordination Team (staff of the hosting organization) and of External Experts for specific sessions of the Tour. All those people had to decide how to get organized as a team. 
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   * What is the exact **role of the youth leaders**? Are they only responsible for the group dynamic and for supporting the participants,​ or should they also facilitate activities?   * What is the exact **role of the youth leaders**? Are they only responsible for the group dynamic and for supporting the participants,​ or should they also facilitate activities?
-  * What is the method we choose to make sure that each member of the facilitation team **receives the information** on decisions made in spontaneous situations as quickly as possible? ​{{ :​guide:​implementation:​heterotopiesc2-24.jpg?​300|}} +  * What is the method we choose to make sure that each member of the facilitation team **receives the information** on decisions made in spontaneous situations as quickly as possible? ​
   * How does the team manages the **plenary sessions** after the activities? Is it co-managed, or the responsibility of the facilitator of the activity? To what extent may co-facilitators step in during the facilitation of an activity?   * How does the team manages the **plenary sessions** after the activities? Is it co-managed, or the responsibility of the facilitator of the activity? To what extent may co-facilitators step in during the facilitation of an activity?
   * To what extent should facilitators **get involved in certain personal situations** between participants?​   * To what extent should facilitators **get involved in certain personal situations** between participants?​
   * What is the **limit of “living space”** for participants to experiment, to make errors, to “learn on their own skin” without the facilitators stepping in?   * What is the **limit of “living space”** for participants to experiment, to make errors, to “learn on their own skin” without the facilitators stepping in?
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 Both questions and answers can vary from Tour to Tour, depending on the profile of participants,​ on the learning space, on safety regulations and agreements with the local partners, on facilitation styles, etc. In any case, the quality of the **preparation** and of the **communication between team-mates** will be crucial. Both questions and answers can vary from Tour to Tour, depending on the profile of participants,​ on the learning space, on safety regulations and agreements with the local partners, on facilitation styles, etc. In any case, the quality of the **preparation** and of the **communication between team-mates** will be crucial.
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 As we mentioned, facilitators are also learners in a non-formal setting, which means that they also will get out of their comfort zone so they can grow personally and professionally. As we mentioned, facilitators are also learners in a non-formal setting, which means that they also will get out of their comfort zone so they can grow personally and professionally.
  
-{{ :​guide:​implementation:​34324882_2143110755918494_8506836672858554368_n.jpg?​200|}}+{{ :​guide:​implementation:​34324882_2143110755918494_8506836672858554368_n.jpg?​direct&200|}}
 Before the Tour facilitators should go through the **same preparation process** as participants:​ they should set personal learning objectives, analyze their strengths and weaknesses, their fears and expectations and share it with the other members of the team. Before the Tour facilitators should go through the **same preparation process** as participants:​ they should set personal learning objectives, analyze their strengths and weaknesses, their fears and expectations and share it with the other members of the team.
 The same rules apply to facilitators as to the participants:​ the team has to find a way to function at its best, considering individual needs and the needs of the team as a group. It is important to work beforehand on **group dynamics within the facilitation team**, given the fact that they will be a reference point and an example for the participants. ​ The same rules apply to facilitators as to the participants:​ the team has to find a way to function at its best, considering individual needs and the needs of the team as a group. It is important to work beforehand on **group dynamics within the facilitation team**, given the fact that they will be a reference point and an example for the participants. ​
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 ==== The role of facilitators ==== ==== The role of facilitators ====
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 During implementation,​ the role of facilitators is to **“hold space”** – to create and maintain stimulating circumstances for participants that allows them to explore and try out new things and ideas, releasing their own potential. ​ During implementation,​ the role of facilitators is to **“hold space”** – to create and maintain stimulating circumstances for participants that allows them to explore and try out new things and ideas, releasing their own potential. ​
  
 Facilitators are not responsible for the results; they merely **create the appropriate starting point**. They only get involved in the natural flow of dynamics when the “space” is in danger, making sure that participants have a **safe space** and the **resources** needed for learning and that their **basic needs are satisfied**,​ so they won’t get distracted.  ​ Facilitators are not responsible for the results; they merely **create the appropriate starting point**. They only get involved in the natural flow of dynamics when the “space” is in danger, making sure that participants have a **safe space** and the **resources** needed for learning and that their **basic needs are satisfied**,​ so they won’t get distracted.  ​
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 As Chris Corrigan says in //The Tao of Holding Space//: ​ As Chris Corrigan says in //The Tao of Holding Space//: ​
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 ===== "​Radical Flexibility"​ as a compass ===== ===== "​Radical Flexibility"​ as a compass =====
  
-The concept of "​Radical Flexibility"​ was used for the first time during a Heterotopia Tour in 2015 to define the facilitation process we were using at that point. From then we have kept it as a compass for the facilitation team.{{:​guide:​implementation:​heterotopiesc4pbl-105.jpg?​direct&​180 |}}+The concept of "​Radical Flexibility"​ was used for the first time during a Heterotopia Tour in 2015 to define the facilitation process we were using at that point. From then we have kept it as a compass for the facilitation team.
  
 "​Radical Flexibility"​ is about **taking into account people’s experiences,​ expectations and needs, without losing sight of the tasks at hands and of the responsibilities the organization team has towards its partners**. ​ "​Radical Flexibility"​ is about **taking into account people’s experiences,​ expectations and needs, without losing sight of the tasks at hands and of the responsibilities the organization team has towards its partners**. ​
 It involves **balancing out** the needs of every "​cell"​ involved (the individuals within the group, the group, the partners, the project in itself) for the sake of the whole "​organism"​. ​ It involves **balancing out** the needs of every "​cell"​ involved (the individuals within the group, the group, the partners, the project in itself) for the sake of the whole "​organism"​. ​
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 In practice, it stands as **a guideline for the facilitators**,​ based on the following principles: ​ In practice, it stands as **a guideline for the facilitators**,​ based on the following principles: ​
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 //“We don’t have enough time to finish the task”// - //“We don’t have enough time to discuss the topic in details”//​ - //“We don’t have enough free time”// - //“We have too much free time”// //“We don’t have enough time to finish the task”// - //“We don’t have enough time to discuss the topic in details”//​ - //“We don’t have enough free time”// - //“We have too much free time”//
  
-{{:​guide:​implementation:​heterotopiesc2-23.jpg?​230 |}}+{{:​guide:​implementation:​heterotopiesc2-23.jpg?​direct&230 |}}
 These are some feedback of participants we've heard during previous Heterotopia Tours. Time management is a crucial element of the Tours, since it can **strongly affects the learning outcomes, dynamics and mood of the group**. The schedule of the program, including informal time, has to be planned in a way that it can **satisfy the needs of participants** regarding time: enough time to explore and experiment; time to process and organize information;​ time to think, to discuss and to come up with a collective understanding;​ enough time for yourself and enough informal time to spend with others. These are some feedback of participants we've heard during previous Heterotopia Tours. Time management is a crucial element of the Tours, since it can **strongly affects the learning outcomes, dynamics and mood of the group**. The schedule of the program, including informal time, has to be planned in a way that it can **satisfy the needs of participants** regarding time: enough time to explore and experiment; time to process and organize information;​ time to think, to discuss and to come up with a collective understanding;​ enough time for yourself and enough informal time to spend with others.
  
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 The following piece of advice mostly applies to discussions within the whole group but the principle can be adapted to any activity. They are few things to be aware of in order: The following piece of advice mostly applies to discussions within the whole group but the principle can be adapted to any activity. They are few things to be aware of in order:
  
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   * **to know when the group is getting bored or tired** so you can react and maintain an interesting pace and group dynamic;   * **to know when the group is getting bored or tired** so you can react and maintain an interesting pace and group dynamic;
   * **to better design the facilitation frame** from one Tour to the next after monitoring what improved or destroyed the dynamic;   * **to better design the facilitation frame** from one Tour to the next after monitoring what improved or destroyed the dynamic;
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 During a discussion, some people will remain silent for most of the session. It doesn'​t necessarily mean they have nothing to say! By using a **variety of facilitation techniques**,​ you maximize your chances of reaching every participant along the Tour. This includes: spoken, written or silent activities, using gestures, art, music, games, activities with a fast or slow pace… During a discussion, some people will remain silent for most of the session. It doesn'​t necessarily mean they have nothing to say! By using a **variety of facilitation techniques**,​ you maximize your chances of reaching every participant along the Tour. This includes: spoken, written or silent activities, using gestures, art, music, games, activities with a fast or slow pace…
  
-{{:​contributions:​gestures.png?​200 |}}+{{:​contributions:​gestures.png?​direct&200 |}}
  
 **Gestures** (as the Sociocracy gestures) in particular can help the facilitator understand the reasons behind somebody has been silent for the whole activity: \\ **Gestures** (as the Sociocracy gestures) in particular can help the facilitator understand the reasons behind somebody has been silent for the whole activity: \\
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 ==== Keep the pace, stay on course ==== ==== Keep the pace, stay on course ====
  
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 **Using „roles“ during meetings**, and especially during **decision-making discussions** will help the group to stay on course at the same time it will help some people take part into the activity (it is sometimes more fulfilling for some people to have a specific mission during a discussion in order to stay focused).\\ **Using „roles“ during meetings**, and especially during **decision-making discussions** will help the group to stay on course at the same time it will help some people take part into the activity (it is sometimes more fulfilling for some people to have a specific mission during a discussion in order to stay focused).\\
  
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 In order to get an idea on how to improve the dynamic of your group, we advice you to:\\ In order to get an idea on how to improve the dynamic of your group, we advice you to:\\
-{{ :​guide:​implementation:​heterotopiesc2-30.jpg?​200|}}+{{ :​guide:​implementation:​heterotopiesc2-30.jpg?​direct&200|}}
   * **create some factual criteria to observe** : number of questions or breaks asked, suggestions made, yawning, people chatting aside from the group...   * **create some factual criteria to observe** : number of questions or breaks asked, suggestions made, yawning, people chatting aside from the group...
   * **set a time-period** to make the observation (one hour everyday, 3 hours every 3 days, the whole day on the first, middle and last day of the Tour…). You should use the program to assess which days will be best suited;   * **set a time-period** to make the observation (one hour everyday, 3 hours every 3 days, the whole day on the first, middle and last day of the Tour…). You should use the program to assess which days will be best suited;
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   * **try to write down any comment you might hear** to get a better idea of how some individuals feel (“I’m bored”, “I can use this tool at home!”, “I need a smoke”, “We said this already”, “What is on the menu for lunch?”).   * **try to write down any comment you might hear** to get a better idea of how some individuals feel (“I’m bored”, “I can use this tool at home!”, “I need a smoke”, “We said this already”, “What is on the menu for lunch?”).
  
-Use tools such as "**Speech report**" to keep track of what you observe ​and share it with your team-mates ​in your next team meeting.+You should ​**keep a log** of the comments, attitudes and level of comitment of the participants throughout the activities of the day so you can keep track  of what you’ve observed ​and share it with your team-mates ​during the next meeting.
  
-If you intend to learn more about each participant, especially their expectations and previous community living experiences, ​it might be worth **observing ​each person’s behavior within the group** ​and **link it with their “profile”**.+If you intend to learn more about how one participant ​in particular is affected by the Tour it might be worth **observing ​this person’s behavior within the group** ​while taking into account ​**their ​initial expectations and previous community living experiences**.
  
 For example :\\ For example :\\
  
-Person A is new to community living. He hasn’t talked much on day one. On day 7, he asked several questions and made a suggestion. On day 15 he was speaking a lot more, making suggestions and clarifying topics for the group. It seems the Tour managed to raise his confidence within the group.\\ +**Person A** is new to community living. He hasn’t talked much on day one. On day 7, he asked several questions and made a suggestion. On day 15 he was speaking a lot more, making suggestions and clarifying topics for the group. It seems the Tour managed to raise his confidence within the group.\\
- +
-Person B is experienced in community living. On day one, she was participating a lot, and making many suggestions. On day 7, she participated a bit less and asked more questions. On day 15 she was making suggestions again and clarifying things for the group. We can suggest that she had a preconceived idea of what the Tour should look like thanks to her past experience, but was open to reconsider it – she trusted the organization team and the group and got invested even more in the end. You managed to gain her trust… How? That’s when interviews can help...\\+
  
 +**Person B** is experienced in community living. On day one, she was participating a lot, and making many suggestions. On day 7, she participated a bit less and asked more questions. On day 15 she was making suggestions again and clarifying things for the group. We can suggest that she had a preconceived idea of what the Tour should look like thanks to her past experience, but was open to reconsider it – she trusted the organization team and the group and got invested even more in the end. You managed to gain her trust… How? That’s when interviews can help...\\
  
  
-===== Individual interviews as a tool to accompany people out of their confort zone ===== 
  
 +=====Individual interviews as a tool to accompany people out of their confort zone=====
 ==== A " '​you'​ time" to better understand the participants'​ background, motivations and emotional state ==== ==== A " '​you'​ time" to better understand the participants'​ background, motivations and emotional state ====
  
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 It’s a good way to **stop** for a while and **question ourselves** about the moment in our life in which the Heterotopia Tour occurs, and which key elements it brought us. It’s a good way to **stop** for a while and **question ourselves** about the moment in our life in which the Heterotopia Tour occurs, and which key elements it brought us.
  
-{{:​guide:​implementation:​heterotopiesc4pbl-62.jpg?​200 |}} 
 It’s a moment in which some people will feel the **need of expressing their emotions**, their **satisfaction** but also their **fears**, **problems** or **challenges** encountered during the Tour. Sometimes some of them might also share very **personal informations** about their life and past experiences. As a facilitator,​ be ready to benevolently **welcome them** and **listen in a non-judgmental way**. It’s a moment in which some people will feel the **need of expressing their emotions**, their **satisfaction** but also their **fears**, **problems** or **challenges** encountered during the Tour. Sometimes some of them might also share very **personal informations** about their life and past experiences. As a facilitator,​ be ready to benevolently **welcome them** and **listen in a non-judgmental way**.
  
 +{{ :​guide:​implementation:​heterotopiesc4pbl-62.jpg?​direct&​200|}}
 Allowing an individual time for each participant might actually help some of them to get more involved within the group. This « ‘you’ time » creates a space in which any kind of existing discomfort or frustration can be expressed and should be welcomed by the person interviewing. For this reason, **make sure the person conducting the interview is willing to listen and help participants get any uneasy feeling out of their chest.** Allowing an individual time for each participant might actually help some of them to get more involved within the group. This « ‘you’ time » creates a space in which any kind of existing discomfort or frustration can be expressed and should be welcomed by the person interviewing. For this reason, **make sure the person conducting the interview is willing to listen and help participants get any uneasy feeling out of their chest.**
  
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 ==== A pedagogical issue ==== ==== A pedagogical issue ====
  
-Making ​the group deciding ​might be challenging,​ but it is worth it. The Tour is about **discovering that a group of people has needs**, just like a person does, that **are not the addition of the individuals needs**.+Having ​the group decide ​might be challenging,​ but it is worth it. The Tour is about **discovering that a group of people has needs**, just like a person does, that **are not the addition of the individuals needs**.
  
-{{:​guide:​implementation:​heterotopiestpm2-33.jpg?​direct&​100 |}}+{{:​guide:​implementation:​p1080547.jpg?​direct&​230 |}}
 Naturally, the participants will consider their own needs first when making a decision. Your role as facilitators will be to help them adopt a point of view that goes "a little bit beyond"​ their own. **What would be the consequences** if their personal preference was applied to the group? **Would it be the best solution** for most of the group? Does it match with the partners'​ needs? Does it put anybody in danger or at unease? If it does, can the plan be changed a bit so it doesn'​t?​ **Is the proposition manageable** within the range of possible things (taking into account logistics, time, external constraints)?​ Naturally, the participants will consider their own needs first when making a decision. Your role as facilitators will be to help them adopt a point of view that goes "a little bit beyond"​ their own. **What would be the consequences** if their personal preference was applied to the group? **Would it be the best solution** for most of the group? Does it match with the partners'​ needs? Does it put anybody in danger or at unease? If it does, can the plan be changed a bit so it doesn'​t?​ **Is the proposition manageable** within the range of possible things (taking into account logistics, time, external constraints)?​
  
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 Given the complexicity of making decisions on the account of a whole group (it IS a job after all!), any decision making process will require from you **care, time and method**. Given the complexicity of making decisions on the account of a whole group (it IS a job after all!), any decision making process will require from you **care, time and method**.
  
 +{{:​guide:​implementation:​p1080519.jpg?​direct&​230 |}}
 First, choose a **relevant moment** in the schedule and a **relevant venue** for the meeting to take place (where the group can stay focused, without external interruptions) and **gather all the participants**. Make sure everybody knows a meeting is happening and who want to be part of it can attend it; First, choose a **relevant moment** in the schedule and a **relevant venue** for the meeting to take place (where the group can stay focused, without external interruptions) and **gather all the participants**. Make sure everybody knows a meeting is happening and who want to be part of it can attend it;
  
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 Third **set a time** for the decision to be made, **explain the method** you will use, announce **what will happen in case the group doesn'​t manage to reach an agreement** in due-time and **distribute roles** in accordance with the decision making method you have chosen: who will be the "​facilitator",​ the " time-keeper",​ the "​decision pusher",​ etc. In case you want to use signs, remember all of them to the participant. Third **set a time** for the decision to be made, **explain the method** you will use, announce **what will happen in case the group doesn'​t manage to reach an agreement** in due-time and **distribute roles** in accordance with the decision making method you have chosen: who will be the "​facilitator",​ the " time-keeper",​ the "​decision pusher",​ etc. In case you want to use signs, remember all of them to the participant.
  
-Only then can you start a decision making process with the method of your choice. ​{{ :​guide:​implementation:​p1080538.jpg?​direct&​300 |}}+Only then can you start a decision making process with the method of your choice.
  
-==== Chose the right method ====+==== Choose ​the right method ====
  
 Last but not least, think carefully which will be the best decision-making method for the specific issue you want to deal with. For example don't apply sociocraty or Consensum on an issue that doesn'​t really matter. It is a long process and people will get bored if nothing important is at stake. ​ Last but not least, think carefully which will be the best decision-making method for the specific issue you want to deal with. For example don't apply sociocraty or Consensum on an issue that doesn'​t really matter. It is a long process and people will get bored if nothing important is at stake. ​
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 Therefore, we suggest you to:  Therefore, we suggest you to: 
-  * support the participants who encounter difficulties to express themselves in English. ​+  ​* **support the participants who encounter difficulties to express themselves in English**
 Take a seat next to them in the circle to be able to **translate** what they say and what the others are saying. That way they will have the opportunity to express themselves with precision, especially on emotional topics where speaking proper English will not be their priorité. By giving them access to translation,​ you will allow them to focus on their feeling and on what they would like to say.  Take a seat next to them in the circle to be able to **translate** what they say and what the others are saying. That way they will have the opportunity to express themselves with precision, especially on emotional topics where speaking proper English will not be their priorité. By giving them access to translation,​ you will allow them to focus on their feeling and on what they would like to say. 
  
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 Adopt rules and tools which help to **distribute the speech**, prevent the more talkative to take adavantage over others and **boost** the shyest or the more introvert. ​ Adopt rules and tools which help to **distribute the speech**, prevent the more talkative to take adavantage over others and **boost** the shyest or the more introvert. ​
 +[[guide:​implementation:​evaluation|{{ :​guide:​fleche.jpg?​50|}}]] ​
guide/implementation/facilitation.1541006507.txt.gz · Last modified: 2018/10/31 18:21 by Cecilia